This module (isis-module-command) provides an implementation of Apache Isis' CommandService SPI that enables action invocations (`Command`s) to be persisted using Apache Isis' own (JDO) objectstore. This supports two main use cases:

profiling: determine which actions are invoked most frequently, what is the elapsed time for each command)
enhanced auditing: the command represents the "cause" of a change to the system, while the related Audit module captures the "effect" of the change. The two are correlated together using a unique transaction Id (a GUID).

In addition, this module also provides an implementation of the BackgroundCommandService API. This enables commands to be persisted but the action not invoked. A scheduler can then be used to pick up the scheduled background commands and invoke them at some later time. The module provides a subclass of the BackgroundCommandExecution class (in Isis core) to make it easy to write such scheduler jobs.

As of 1.16.1 this module also provides a companion "replay" library. This allows commands on a master server to be replayed against a slave. One use case for this is for regression testing or A/B testing of two different versions of an application (eg after a system upgrade, or after a refactoring of business logic). For more details, see the replay library page.

Screenshots

The module’s functionality can be explored by running the quickstart with example usage using the org.incode.domainapp.example.app.modules.ExampleDomSpiCommandAppManifest.

A home page is displayed when the app is run:

Commands

Commands can be associated with any object (as a polymorphic association utilizing the BookmarkService), and so the demo app lists the commands associated with the example entity:

Commands created for action invocations

In the example entity the changeName action is annotated with @Action(command=CommandReification.ENABLED):

@Action(
        semantics = SemanticsOf.IDEMPOTENT,
        command = CommandReification.ENABLED
)
public SomeCommandAnnotatedObject changeName(final String newName) {
    setName(newName);
    return this;
}

which means that when the changeName action is invoked with some argument:

then a command object is created:

identifying the action, captures the target and action arguments, also timings and user:

The remaining screenshots below do demonstrate (some of) the functionality of this module, but are out of date in that they are taken from the original isisaddons/incodehq module (prior to being amalgamated into the incode-platform).

Background Commands using the Background Service

Commands are also the basis for Isis' support of background commands. The usual way to accomplish this is to call Apache Isis' BackgroundService:

@Action(
        semantics = SemanticsOf.IDEMPOTENT,
        command = CommandReification.ENABLED
)
@ActionLayout(
        named = "Schedule"
)
public void changeNameExplicitlyInBackground(
        @ParameterLayout(named = "New name")
        final String newName) {
    backgroundService.execute(this).changeName(newName);
}

In the screenshots below the action (labelled "Schedule" in the UI) is called with arguments:

This results in two persisted commands, a foreground command and a background command:

The foreground command has been executed:

130 schedule foreground command with background command

The background command has not (yet):

140 schedule background command not yet run

The background command can then be invoked through a separate process, for example using a Quartz Scheduler. The module provides the BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo class which can be executed periodically to process any queued background commands; more information below.

Background Commands scheduled implicitly

The other way to create background commands is implicitly, using @Action(commandExecuteIn=CommandExecuteIn.BACKGROUND):

@Action(
        semantics = SemanticsOf.IDEMPOTENT,
        command = CommandReification.ENABLED,
        commandExecuteIn = CommandExecuteIn.BACKGROUND
)
@ActionLayout(
        named = "Schedule implicitly"
)
public SomeCommandAnnotatedObject changeNameImplicitlyInBackground(
        @ParameterLayout(named = "New name")
        final String newName) {
    setName(newName);
    return this;
}

If invoked Apache Isis will gather the arguments as usual:

but then does not invoke the action, but instead creates the and returns the persisted background command:

170 schedule implicitly direct to results

As the screenshot below shows, with this approach only a single background command is created (no foreground command at all):

180 schedule implicitly only one command

How to configure/use

Classpath

Update your classpath by adding this dependency in your dom project’s pom.xml:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.isisaddons.module.command</groupId>
    <artifactId>isis-module-command-dom</artifactId>
</dependency>

Check for later releases by searching Maven Central Repo.

For instructions on how to use the latest -SNAPSHOT, see the contributors guide.

Bootstrapping

In the AppManifest, update its getModules() method, eg:

@Override
public List<Class<?>> getModules() {
    return Arrays.asList(
            ...
            org.isisaddons.module.command.dom.CommandDomModule.class,
    );
}

Configuration Properties

For commands to be created when actions are invoked, some configuration is required. This can be either on a case-by-case basis, or globally:

by default no action is treated as being a command unless it has explicitly annotated using @Action(command=CommandReification.ENABLED). This is the option used in the example app described above.
alternatively, commands can be globally enabled by adding a key to isis.properties:
```
isis.services.command.actions=all
```
This will create commands even for query-only (@ActionSemantics(Of.SAFE)) actions. If these are to be excluded, then use:
```
isis.services.command.actions=ignoreQueryOnly
```

An individual action can then be explicitly excluded from having a persisted command using @Action(command=CommandReification.DISABLED).

API

This module implements two service APIs, CommandService and BackgroundCommandService. It also provides the BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo to retrieve background commands for a scheduler to execute.

`CommandService`

The CommandService defines the following API:

public interface CommandService {
    Command create();

    void startTransaction(
        final Command command,
        final UUID transactionId);

    void complete(
        final Command command);

    boolean persistIfPossible(
        final Command command);
}

Isis will call this service (if available) to create an instance of (the module’s implementation of) Command and to indicate when the transaction wrapping the action is starting and completing.

`BackgroundCommandService`

The BackgroundCommandService defines the following API:

public interface BackgroundCommandService {
    void schedule(
        final ActionInvocationMemento aim,
        final Command command,
        final String targetClassName,
        final String targetActionName,
        final String targetArgs);
}

The implementation is responsible for persisting the command such that it can be executed asynchronously.

BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo

The BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo utility class ultimately extends from Isis Core’s AbstractIsisSessionTemplate, responsible for setting up an Isis session and obtaining commands.

The quartz extension module can be configured to run a job that uses this utility class.

Supporting Services and Mixins

As well as the CommandService and BackgroundCommandService implementations, the module also a number of other domain services and mixins.

The domain services are:

CommandServiceJdoRepository provides the ability to search for persisted (foreground) Command`s. None of its actions are visible in the user interface (they are all `@Programmatic) and so this service is automatically registered.
(As of 1.8.x) the CommandServiceMenu provides actions to search for `Command`s, underneath an 'Activity' menu on the secondary menu bar.
BackgroundCommandServiceJdoRepository provides the ability to search for persisted (background) Command`s and replayable commands. None of its actions are visible in the user interface (they are all `@Programmatic) and so this service is automatically registered.
(As of 1.16.1) the CommandReplayOnMasterService and CommandReplayOnSlaveService menu services provide actions to support the replay library.
- CommandReplayOnMasterService provides actions to find and to manually download Commands since a specified transaction Id (ie as determined from the slave)
- CommandReplayOnSlaveService provides actions to find the most recently replicated Command on the slave (the so-called "high water mark") and to manually upload Commands obtained from the master

The mixins are:

HasTransactionId_command mixin provides the command action to the HasTransactionId interface. This will therefore display all commands that occurred in a given transaction, in other words whenever a command, or also (if configured) a published event or an audit entry is displayed.
CommandJdo_childCommands mixin provides the childCommands contributed collection, while CommandJdo_siblingCommands mixin provides the siblingCommands contributed collection
CommandJdo_retry mixin allows commands to be resubmitted.
CommandJdo_exclude mixin allows failing replayable commands to be ignored.

Once any replayable command hits an exception, no further replayable commands are run. This mixin is intended to allow the administrator to choose to skip/ignore any such command.

In addition, the T_backgroundCommands abstract mixin can be used to contribute a backgroundCommands collection to any object that can be used as the target of a command, returning the 30 most recent background commands. For example:

@Mixin
public class SomeObject_backgroundCommands extends T_backgroundCommands<SomeObject> {
    public SomeObject_backgroundCommands(final SomeObject someObject) {
        super(domainObject);
    }
}

where SomeObject is the class of the target domain class.

(As of 1.8.x and later) these various services are automatically registered, meaning that any UI functionality they provide will appear in the user interface. If this is not required, then either use security permissions or write a vetoing subscriber on the event bus to hide this functionality, eg:

@DomainService(nature = NatureOfService.DOMAIN)
public class HideIsisAddonsAuditingFunctionality extends AbstractSubscriber {
    @Programmatic @Subscribe
    public void on(final CommandModule.ActionDomainEvent<?> event) { event.hide(); }
}

Known issues

None known at this time.

Related Modules/Services

As well as defining the CommandService and BackgroundCommandService APIs, Isis' applib defines several other closely related services. Implementations of these services are referenced by the Isis Add-ons website.

The AuditingService3 service enables audit entries to be persisted for any change to any object. The command can be thought of as the "cause" of a change, the audit entries as the "effect".

The PublishingService is another optional service that allows an event to be published when either an object has changed or an actions has been invoked. There are some similarities between publishing to auditing, but the publishing service’s primary use case is to enable inter-system co-ordination (in DDD terminology, between bounded contexts).

If the all these services are configured - such that commands, audit entries and published events are all persisted, then the transactionId that is common to all enables seamless navigation between each. (This is implemented through contributed actions/properties/collections; Command implements the HasTransactionId interface in Isis' applib, and it is this interface that each module has services that contribute to).

Dependencies

Maven can report modules dependencies using:

mvn dependency:list -o -pl modules/spi/command/impl -D excludeTransitive=true

which, excluding Apache Isis itself, returns no direct compile/runtime dependencies.

Command SPI Implementation + Replay